苏打粉

纯碱、Na2C03有两种形式。光纯碱的体积密度范围35到50磅/立方英尺的工作密度41磅/立方英尺。密集的纯碱的密度范围60至76磅/立方英尺和工作密度为63磅/立方英尺。1%的碳酸钠溶液的pH值为11.2。它用于pH值控制在石灰处理。的纯碱的分子量是106。商业Na2C03纯度范围从98%到超过99%。苏打粉本身不是特别腐蚀性,但在的存在石灰和水烧碱是形成腐蚀性。

密集的纯碱一般用于市政应用程序由于出色的处理特点。它几乎没有灰尘,良好的流动特性,不会在本或洪水拱和馈线。相对很难溶解,必须提供充分的溶解能力。正常的实践要求0.5磅的密集纯碱每加仑的水或6%的溶解器解决方案保留20分钟。

灰尘和解决方案刺激眼睛,鼻子,肺,皮肤,因此一般预防措施应观察和受灾地区应该及时用水清洗。

纯碱通常是存储在钢箱和pneumatic-filling设备使用,垃圾箱应提供与尘埃收集器。大部分和袋装苏打水火山灰会吸收大气二氧化碳和水,形成不太活跃的碳酸氢钠(NaHC03)。推荐材料卸货设施是钢。饲料设备的描述干明矾适用于纯碱。苏打粉的溶解可能加速了温暖的溶解水的使用。机械或液压射流混合溶解器应提供。材料施工的管道和配件应该是铁、钢、橡胶和塑料。

无水烧碱(氢氧化钠)是可用的,但其使用通常不被认为是实际在水和废水处理应用程序。因此,这里只讨论了液体烧碱。液体烧碱通常是运送两个浓度,氢氧化钠50%和73%。附带的解决方案的密度是12.76磅/加50%的解决方案和14.18磅/加73%的解决方案。这些解决方案包含6.38磅/加氢氧化钠和10.34磅/加氢氧化钠,分别。的结晶温度是53°F 50%解决方案和165°F的73%的解决方案。氢氧化钠的分子量是40。为1%的烧碱溶液的pH值是12.9。卡车很多1000到4000加仑的仅在50%浓度可用。航运浓度都可以获得8000年,10000年和16000年加的货物。 Tank cars can be unloaded through the dome eduction pipe using air pressure or through the bottom valve by gravity or by using air pressure or a pump. Trucks are usually unloaded by gravity or with air pressure or

散装液体烧碱收到发货,转移到存储、喂养和稀释必要的应用程序。烧碱是有毒、危险的处理。美国交通部规定必须遵守“白色标签”材料。然而,如果处理得当烧碱姿势没有特定的工业危险。为了避免意外泄漏,所有的泵、阀门、和线条应定期检查泄漏。工人应该彻底指示在烧碱的相关预防措施处理。应该保护眼睛溅护目镜在任何时候当暴露于雾或者是可能的。身体的其他部位在必要时应该受到保护防止碱烧伤。地区暴露在烧碱应该用大量的水清洗15分钟到2小时。医生应该被称为当暴露严重。 Caustic soda taken internally should be diluted with water or milk and then neutralized with dilute vinegar or fruit juice. Vomiting may occur spontaneously but should not be induced except on the advice of a physician. Liquid caustic soda may be stored at the 50 percent concentration. However, at this solution strength, it crystallizes at 53° F. Therefore, storage tanks must be located indoors or provided with heating and suitable insulation if outdoors. Because of its relatively high crystallization temperature, liquid caustic soda is often diluted to a concentration of about 20 percent NaOH for storage. A 20 percent solution of NaOH has a crystallization temperature of about - 20° F. Recommendations for dilution of both 73 percent and 50 percent solutions should be obtained from the manufacturer because special considerations are necessary. Storage tanks for liquid caustic soda should be provided with an air vent for gravity flow. The storage capacity should be equal to 1.5 times the largest expected delivery, with an allowance for dilution water, if used, or two-weeks supply at the anticipated feed rate, whichever is greater. Tanks for storing 50 percent solution at a temperature between 75°F and 140°F may be constructed of mild steel. Storage temperatures above 140°F require more elaborate systems.

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